如何用vba不打开excel文件读写数据？

在编写vba代码的解决方案时，经常需要在不同的工作簿之间读写数据。

接下来介绍几种在不同的excel工作簿之间读写数据的方法：

一、打开读写法

1、单个文件固定路径打开读写法：

代码如下：

Sub QQ1722187970()
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    Dim oWB As Workbook
    Dim oWK As Worksheet
    Dim sFilePath As String
    Dim iRow As Long
    '固定路径
    sFilePath = "E:\test.xlsx"
    Set oWB = Excel.Workbooks.Open(sFilePath)
    With oWB
        Set oWK = .Worksheets(1)
        With oWK
            iRow = .Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row
            '***********************************
            '其它操作代码
            '***********************************
        End With
        Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
        Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True
        Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True
        .Close
    End With
    MsgBox "操作完成!"
    Set oWK = Nothing
    Set oWB = Nothing
End Sub

Sub QQ1722187970()

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual

Dim oWB As Workbook

Dim oWK As Worksheet

Dim sFilePath As String

Dim iRow As Long

'固定路径

sFilePath = "E:\test.xlsx"

Set oWB = Excel.Workbooks.Open(sFilePath)

With oWB

Set oWK = .Worksheets(1)

With oWK

iRow = .Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row

'***********************************

'其它操作代码

'***********************************

End With

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True

.Close

End With

MsgBox "操作完成!"

Set oWK = Nothing

Set oWB = Nothing

End Sub

2、任意选择单个或多个文件打开读写法：

代码如下:

Sub QQ1722187970()
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    '选择路径读取打开法
    Dim oWB As Workbook
    Dim oWK As Worksheet
    Dim oFD As FileDialog
    Dim sFilePath As String
    Dim iRow As Long
    '创建一个选择文件对话框
    Set oFD = Excel.Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFilePicker)
    '声明一个变量用来存储选择的文件名
    Dim vrtSelectedItem As Variant
    With oFD
        '允许选择多个文件
        .AllowMultiSelect = True
        '使用Show方法显示对话框，如果单击了确定按钮则返回-1。
        If .Show = -1 Then
            '遍历所有选择的文件
            For Each vrtSelectedItem In .SelectedItems
                '获取所有选择的文件的完整路径,用于各种操作
                sFilePath = vrtSelectedItem
                Set oWB = Excel.Workbooks.Open(sFilePath)
                With oWB
                    Set oWK = .Worksheets(1)
                    With oWK
                        iRow = .Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row
                        '***********************************
                        '其它操作代码
                        '***********************************
                    End With
                    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
                    .Close
                End With
            Next
        Set oWK = Nothing
        Set oWB = Nothing
        End If
    End With
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Sub QQ1722187970()

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual

'选择路径读取打开法

Dim oWB As Workbook

Dim oWK As Worksheet

Dim oFD As FileDialog

Dim sFilePath As String

Dim iRow As Long

'创建一个选择文件对话框

Set oFD = Excel.Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFilePicker)

'声明一个变量用来存储选择的文件名

Dim vrtSelectedItem As Variant

With oFD

'允许选择多个文件

.AllowMultiSelect = True

'使用Show方法显示对话框，如果单击了确定按钮则返回-1。

If .Show = -1 Then

'遍历所有选择的文件

For Each vrtSelectedItem In .SelectedItems

'获取所有选择的文件的完整路径,用于各种操作

sFilePath = vrtSelectedItem

Set oWB = Excel.Workbooks.Open(sFilePath)

With oWB

Set oWK = .Worksheets(1)

With oWK

iRow = .Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row

'***********************************

'其它操作代码

'***********************************

End With

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic

.Close

End With

Set oWK = Nothing

Set oWB = Nothing

End If

End With

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True

End Sub

3、任意选择文件夹及其子文件夹打开读写法：

除了固定路径的单个文件和选择任意多个文件打开读写以外，我们往往还需要通过选择具体的文件夹，然后遍历文件夹内的所有文件进行打开读写，代码如下：

Sub QQ1722187970()
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    Dim sPath As String
    '选择要操作的文件夹
    sPath = GetPath()
    If Len(sPath) Then
        '开始遍历选中的文件夹中的所有文件
        EnuAllFiles sPath, False
        MsgBox "操作完成!!!"
    End If
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub
Sub EnuAllFiles(ByVal sPath As String, Optional bEnuSub As Boolean = False)
    '定义文件系统对象
    Dim oFso As Object
    Set oFso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
    '定义文件夹对象
    Dim oFolder As Object
    Set oFolder = oFso.GetFolder(sPath)
    '定义文件对象
    Dim oFile As Object
    Dim oWB  As Workbook
    Dim oWK As Worksheet
    Dim oWB1  As Workbook
    Dim oWK1 As Worksheet
    Set oWB = Excel.ThisWorkbook
    Set oWK = oWB.Worksheets(1)
    iRow = oWK.Range("A65536").End(xlUp).Row
    '如果指定的文件夹含有文件
    If oFolder.Files.Count Then
        For Each oFile In oFolder.Files
            With oFile
                '输出文件所在的盘符
                Dim sDrive As String
                sDrive = .Drive
                '输出文件的类型
                Dim sType As String
                sType = .Type
                '输出含后缀名的文件名称
                Dim sName As String
                sName = .Name
                '输出含文件名的完整路径
                Dim sFilePath As String
                sFilePath = .Path
                '如果文件是Excel文件且不是隐藏文件
                If sType Like "*Excel*" And Not (sName Like "*~$*") Then
                    Set oWB1 = Excel.Workbooks.Open(sFilePath)
                    With oWB1
                        Set oWK1 = .Worksheets(1)
                        With oWK1
                            iRow = .Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row
                            '***********************************
                            '其它操作代码
                            '***********************************
                        End With
                        Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
                        .Close
                    End With
                Else

                End If
            End With
        Next
    '如果指定的文件夹不含有文件
    Else
    End If
    '如果要遍历子文件夹
    If bEnuSub = True Then
        '定义子文件夹集合对象
        Dim oSubFolders As Object
        Set oSubFolders = oFolder.SubFolders
        If oSubFolders.Count > 0 Then
            For Each oTempFolder In oSubFolders
                sTempPath = oTempFolder.Path
                Call EnuAllFiles(sTempPath, True)
            Next
        End If
        Set oSubFolders = Nothing
    End If
    Set oFile = Nothing
    Set oFolder = Nothing
    Set oFso = Nothing
End Sub
Function GetPath() As String
    '声明一个FileDialog对象变量
    Dim oFD As FileDialog
'    '创建一个选择文件对话框
'    Set oFD = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFilePicker)
    '创建一个选择文件夹对话框
    Set oFD = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFolderPicker)
    '声明一个变量用来存储选择的文件名或者文件夹名称
    Dim vrtSelectedItem As Variant
    With oFD
        '允许选择多个文件
        .AllowMultiSelect = True
        '使用Show方法显示对话框，如果单击了确定按钮则返回-1。
        If .Show = -1 Then
            '遍历所有选择的文件
            For Each vrtSelectedItem In .SelectedItems
                '获取所有选择的文件的完整路径,用于各种操作
                GetPath = vrtSelectedItem
            Next
            '如果单击了取消按钮则返回0
        Else
        End If
    End With
    '释放对象变量
    Set oFD = Nothing
End Function
Function GetFileName(ByVal sName As String)
    '获取不含后缀符的纯文件名的自定义函数
    Dim sTemp As String
    sTemp = sName
    '判断后缀名分隔符.的位置
    iPos = Len(sTemp) - VBA.InStr(1, VBA.StrReverse(sTemp), ".")
    If iPos <> 0 Then
        sTemp = Mid(sTemp, 1, iPos)
    End If
    '判断路径分隔符\的位置
    iPos = VBA.InStr(1, sTemp, "\")
    If iPos <> 0 Then
        '反转后好取字符
        iPos = VBA.InStr(1, VBA.StrReverse(sTemp), "\")
        sTemp = Mid(VBA.StrReverse(sTemp), 1, iPos - 1)
        sTemp = VBA.StrReverse(sTemp)
    End If
    GetFileName = sTemp
End Function

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Sub QQ1722187970()

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual

Dim sPath As String

'选择要操作的文件夹

sPath = GetPath()

If Len(sPath) Then

'开始遍历选中的文件夹中的所有文件

EnuAllFiles sPath, False

MsgBox "操作完成!!!"

End If

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True

End Sub

Sub EnuAllFiles(ByVal sPath As String, Optional bEnuSub As Boolean = False)

'定义文件系统对象

Dim oFso As Object

Set oFso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

'定义文件夹对象

Dim oFolder As Object

Set oFolder = oFso.GetFolder(sPath)

'定义文件对象

Dim oFile As Object

Dim oWB As Workbook

Dim oWK As Worksheet

Dim oWB1 As Workbook

Dim oWK1 As Worksheet

Set oWB = Excel.ThisWorkbook

Set oWK = oWB.Worksheets(1)

iRow = oWK.Range("A65536").End(xlUp).Row

'如果指定的文件夹含有文件

If oFolder.Files.Count Then

For Each oFile In oFolder.Files

With oFile

'输出文件所在的盘符

Dim sDrive As String

sDrive = .Drive

'输出文件的类型

Dim sType As String

sType = .Type

'输出含后缀名的文件名称

Dim sName As String

sName = .Name

'输出含文件名的完整路径

Dim sFilePath As String

sFilePath = .Path

'如果文件是Excel文件且不是隐藏文件

If sType Like "*Excel*" And Not (sName Like "*~$*") Then

Set oWB1 = Excel.Workbooks.Open(sFilePath)

With oWB1

Set oWK1 = .Worksheets(1)

With oWK1

iRow = .Range("a65536").End(xlUp).Row

'***********************************

'其它操作代码

'***********************************

End With

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic

.Close

End With

Else

End If

End With

'如果指定的文件夹不含有文件

Else

End If

'如果要遍历子文件夹

If bEnuSub = True Then

'定义子文件夹集合对象

Dim oSubFolders As Object

Set oSubFolders = oFolder.SubFolders

If oSubFolders.Count > 0 Then

For Each oTempFolder In oSubFolders

sTempPath = oTempFolder.Path

Call EnuAllFiles(sTempPath, True)

End If

Set oSubFolders = Nothing

End If

Set oFile = Nothing

Set oFolder = Nothing

Set oFso = Nothing

End Sub

Function GetPath() As String

'声明一个FileDialog对象变量

Dim oFD As FileDialog

' '创建一个选择文件对话框

' Set oFD = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFilePicker)

'创建一个选择文件夹对话框

Set oFD = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFolderPicker)

'声明一个变量用来存储选择的文件名或者文件夹名称

Dim vrtSelectedItem As Variant

With oFD

'允许选择多个文件

.AllowMultiSelect = True

'使用Show方法显示对话框，如果单击了确定按钮则返回-1。

If .Show = -1 Then

'遍历所有选择的文件

For Each vrtSelectedItem In .SelectedItems

'获取所有选择的文件的完整路径,用于各种操作

GetPath = vrtSelectedItem

'如果单击了取消按钮则返回0

Else

End If

End With

'释放对象变量

Set oFD = Nothing

End Function

Function GetFileName(ByVal sName As String)

'获取不含后缀符的纯文件名的自定义函数

Dim sTemp As String

sTemp = sName

'判断后缀名分隔符.的位置

iPos = Len(sTemp) - VBA.InStr(1, VBA.StrReverse(sTemp), ".")

If iPos <> 0 Then

sTemp = Mid(sTemp, 1, iPos)

End If

'判断路径分隔符\的位置

iPos = VBA.InStr(1, sTemp, "\")

If iPos <> 0 Then

'反转后好取字符

iPos = VBA.InStr(1, VBA.StrReverse(sTemp), "\")

sTemp = Mid(VBA.StrReverse(sTemp), 1, iPos - 1)

sTemp = VBA.StrReverse(sTemp)

End If

GetFileName = sTemp

End Function

4、总结

以上介绍的三种方法基本涵盖了所有的在不同excel工作簿之间的读写数据的情况。

以上介绍的三种方法在读写其它excel工作簿的数据时，本质上都是用Workbooks对象的Open方法先打开要读写的excel工作簿，然后再进行操作。

二、用ADO连接excel工作簿不打开读取法

上文中我们介绍了用Workbooks对象的Open方法打开具体的excel工作簿进行读写的操作，这种方法可以适应各种情况，但是效率较低，接下来介绍用ADO连接excel工作簿不打开直接读取法。

1、用ado读取当前工作簿的方法：

Sub QQ1722187970()
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    Dim oRecrodset As Object
    Dim oConStr  As Object
    Dim sSql As String
    '写SQL语句
    sSql = "select * from [Sheet1$]"
    Dim sConStr As String
    Dim sVersion  As String
    Dim oWk As Worksheet
    Set oWk = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add
    sVersion = Excel.Application.Version
    '创建连接字符串
    If sVersion <= 12 Then
        sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0';Data Source=" & Excel.ThisWorkbook.FullName & ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=YES'"
    Else
        sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0';Data Source=" & Excel.ThisWorkbook.FullName & ";Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=YES'"
    End If
    Debug.Print sConStr
    Set oConStr = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
    '使用Connection连接数据源，并用Execute方法执行对应的SQL语句生成Recrodset对象
    With oConStr
        .Open sConStr
        Set oRecrodset = .Execute(sSql)
    End With
    With oRecrodset
        '循环导入字段名
        For i = 1 To .Fields.Count
            oWk.Cells(1, i) = .Fields(i - 1).Name
        Next
        oWk.Cells(2, 1).CopyFromRecordset oRecrodset
    End With
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True
    Set oConStr = Nothing
    Set oRecrodset = Nothing
End Sub

Sub QQ1722187970()

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual

Dim oRecrodset As Object

Dim oConStr As Object

Dim sSql As String

'写SQL语句

sSql = "select * from [Sheet1$]"

Dim sConStr As String

Dim sVersion As String

Dim oWk As Worksheet

Set oWk = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add

sVersion = Excel.Application.Version

'创建连接字符串

If sVersion <= 12 Then

sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0';Data Source=" & Excel.ThisWorkbook.FullName & ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=YES'"

Else

sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0';Data Source=" & Excel.ThisWorkbook.FullName & ";Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=YES'"

End If

Debug.Print sConStr

Set oConStr = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

'使用Connection连接数据源，并用Execute方法执行对应的SQL语句生成Recrodset对象

With oConStr

.Open sConStr

Set oRecrodset = .Execute(sSql)

End With

With oRecrodset

'循环导入字段名

For i = 1 To .Fields.Count

oWk.Cells(1, i) = .Fields(i - 1).Name

oWk.Cells(2, 1).CopyFromRecordset oRecrodset

End With

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True

Set oConStr = Nothing

Set oRecrodset = Nothing

End Sub

2、用ado读取固定路径工作簿的方法：

Sub QQ1722187970()
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    Dim oRecrodset As Object
    Dim oConStr  As Object
    Dim sFilePath As String
    '固定链接
    sFilePath = Excel.ThisWorkbook.Path & "\test.xlsx"
    Dim sSql As String
    '写SQL语句
    sSql = "select * from [Sheet1$]"
    Dim sConStr As String
    Dim sVersion  As String
    Dim oWk As Worksheet
    Set oWk = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add
    sVersion = Excel.Application.Version
    '创建连接字符串
    If sVersion <= 12 Then
        sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0';Data Source=" & sFilePath & ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=YES'"
    Else
        sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0';Data Source=" & sFilePath & ";Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=YES'"
    End If
    Debug.Print sConStr
    Set oConStr = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
    '使用Connection连接数据源，并用Execute方法执行对应的SQL语句生成Recrodset对象
    With oConStr
        .Open sConStr
        Set oRecrodset = .Execute(sSql)
    End With
    With oRecrodset
        '循环导入字段名
        For i = 1 To .Fields.Count
            oWk.Cells(1, i) = .Fields(i - 1).Name
        Next
        oWk.Cells(2, 1).CopyFromRecordset oRecrodset
    End With
    Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic
    Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True
    Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True
    Set oConStr = Nothing
    Set oRecrodset = Nothing
End Sub

Sub QQ1722187970()

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = False

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual

Dim oRecrodset As Object

Dim oConStr As Object

Dim sFilePath As String

'固定链接

sFilePath = Excel.ThisWorkbook.Path & "\test.xlsx"

Dim sSql As String

'写SQL语句

sSql = "select * from [Sheet1$]"

Dim sConStr As String

Dim sVersion As String

Dim oWk As Worksheet

Set oWk = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add

sVersion = Excel.Application.Version

'创建连接字符串

If sVersion <= 12 Then

sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0';Data Source=" & sFilePath & ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=YES'"

Else

sConStr = "Provider='Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0';Data Source=" & sFilePath & ";Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=YES'"

End If

Debug.Print sConStr

Set oConStr = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")

'使用Connection连接数据源，并用Execute方法执行对应的SQL语句生成Recrodset对象

With oConStr

.Open sConStr

Set oRecrodset = .Execute(sSql)

End With

With oRecrodset

'循环导入字段名

For i = 1 To .Fields.Count

oWk.Cells(1, i) = .Fields(i - 1).Name

oWk.Cells(2, 1).CopyFromRecordset oRecrodset

End With

Excel.Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic

Excel.Application.DisplayAlerts = True

Excel.Application.ScreenUpdating = True

Set oConStr = Nothing

Set oRecrodset = Nothing

End Sub

未完待续..

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